1. Pay attention to engine oil pressure

When a diesel engine is operating, the oil pump pressurizes lubricating oil to the friction surfaces of various components and forms an oil film, preventing direct contact between mutually rubbing parts and thereby reducing wear. During use, oil pressure should always be observed. If the oil pressure is too low, stop the engine immediately for inspection and repair. Excessively high oil pressure can also damage the oil film and aggravate wear, so the cause should also be identified and eliminated promptly.

2. Pay attention to temperature changes

The temperature of a diesel engine is mainly reflected in the temperature of the cooling water and the temperature of the lubricating oil. During operation of a forced-circulation diesel engine, the water temperature should be maintained between 70 and 90 degrees Celsius, and the oil temperature should be maintained between 70 and 80 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is too high, it will damage the cylinder gasket, piston, and piston rings, reduce oil viscosity, and degrade lubrication performance. If it is too low, fuel consumption and exhaust smoke will increase. Therefore, the cooling water temperature should be observed at all times during operation, and abnormalities should be eliminated promptly.

3. Pay attention to maintenance during the break-in period

New or overhauled diesel engines must undergo a break-in process. Although the surfaces of mutually fitted and moving diesel engine parts have a certain level of precision and finish, microscopically they are still uneven, and the fit clearance is relatively small. The purpose of break-in is to make the mating motion surfaces smoother through operation, make the clearance more reasonable, and prevent early wear. The break-in method is no-load operation for 50 hours, during which the speed should gradually change from low to high and the load should gradually change from small to large. Overspeed and overload operation are not allowed. After the break-in is completed, the engine oil in the crankcase must be replaced, and the crankcase and all lubrication oil passages must be cleaned, while the oil filter element should be cleaned or replaced.

4. Strengthen maintenance and servicing

Maintenance and servicing are the key to extending diesel engine service life. Daily maintenance, scheduled servicing, and regular inspections should all be carried out, with重点 checks on whether cooling water and engine oil are sufficient and whether the technical condition of each part of the diesel engine is sound. If a fault is found, it should be eliminated in time. The three filters must be clean and unobstructed. When operating in rural environments with heavy dust, the air filter should be cleaned once a day. Other maintenance should also be carried out according to the specified procedures.

5. Avoid abrupt throttle bursts

Abrupt throttle bursts on a hot diesel engine will cause severe vibration and increase friction on the mating surfaces. Abrupt throttle bursts on a cold engine, because the lubricating oil has high viscosity and does not flow easily, will aggravate component wear. In serious cases, it may also cause severe accidents such as cylinder scuffing and bearing seizure. Therefore, whether the engine is cold or hot, and whether at high, medium, or low speed, fuel should be applied smoothly and abrupt continuous throttle bursts should be avoided.

6. Shift correctly while driving

To avoid prolonged high-speed operation of the diesel engine that intensifies wear, gears should be shifted in time according to road conditions, and high-speed low-gear operation must be avoided. Even when climbing slopes or driving on washboard roads, an appropriate gear should be selected so that the engine does not run at high speed under insufficient load.

7. Low-temperature starting and operation are strictly prohibited

Wear of a diesel engine will intensify when it operates with water temperature below 70 degrees Celsius. Starting at low temperature causes even more severe wear. If started at 2 degrees Celsius with one preheating cycle, the resulting wear is equivalent to driving 50 kilometers. Therefore, winter starting must use hot water preheating. It is best to park the engine indoors overnight, and after starting, prolonged low-temperature operation must be avoided.

8. Choose fuel correctly

The properties of diesel fuel mainly depend on cetane number and impurities. If selected improperly, it is prone to violent combustion during operation, causing impact loads on components and aggravating wear. During use, the corresponding diesel grade should be selected according to the compression ratio of the diesel engine and the season, so as to reduce wear and corrosion of components.

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